They take a year and get money to write these papers? Is it just privileges within privileges of people in the elite? What if one doesn't have any connections after seventeen years in a cult? Maybe I could get a grant for a seventeen year research on cults!
http://www.unlimitedloveinstitute.org/publications/pdf/TIS664.pdf
Acknowledgement
Support was given by the Center for the Study of Law and Religion at Emory University and by the JohnTempleton
Foundation.
Humanism, posthumanism, and compassionate love
StephenG. Post*
abstract
This article considers a special area where pure scientism, separated from humanistic
perspectives, has come to define a perspective broadly termed posthumanism, where the
modification of human nature is too easily embraced as progress. The humanistic response
to this scientism is equally central in this reflection. I offeraperspectiveonthefutilityof
purescientismwithregardtohumanprogressworthyofourdignityashumancreatures.
Iconcludewithanendorsementofthenaturalhumancapacityforcompassionatelove, for
itisstill thediscoveryof whatalreadylieswithinusthatdignifieswhatliesbeforeus.
Ó2009ElsevierLtd. All rightsreserved.
5. Compassionateloveandthehumangood
Wearebombardedbyofferstoenhanceusashumanbeings. Botox, anabolicsteroids, humangrowthhormonetomake
ourchildrenalittletaller,andthedubiouspromisesofafountainofyouthdallareforsalebutnoneaddtodignityoradeeper
happiness. Letusinsteadfocusourattentionnotontheexternalvesselofourbodiesbutonthecapacityforagenerouslove
thatalreadylieswithinuswaitingonlytobemorefullyunveiledandengaged. Withoutthislove, wearepoorevenifwedo
notknowit. Withthislovewegrowindignityandhappiness[35,36]. Inthegivingof self liesthediscoveryof adeeperand
happier self. Herelies theperennial truththat unites all thegreat religions. Andherelies theinner coreof human
enhancementanddignity, whichhasnothingtodowithbiotechnological tinkering.
Thereis, Ibelieve, amoreimportantwayofthinkingaboutthekindofhumancreatureswearethantheposthumanists
haveallowed. Ourdignityrestsnotingadgetsandbiotechnologicalwizardry. Rather, ourdignityashumanbeingsisalready
ourstoclaimwhenwetreatanotherpersonwithloveandjustice, andwhenwemanifestvirtuesasvariedasperseverance,
faith, courage, forgiveness, gratitude, commitment, humility, integrity, andhope. Theexpressionsofthewaysoflove, from
celebrationandattentivelistening, tocreativityandhelping, toloyaltyandrespect, areallattheveryheartofhumandignity.
Loyal friendship, aconcernfortheneedy, andtheworrywehaveoverawaywardchildwhoisnotnecessarilyourownare
whatmakeuscreaturesofdignityandgrace.
Granted, wearelessacculturatedtospeakingof dignitythanweareof rights, autonomy, andequality, but weneed
suchanidea. Nothingelsewill do. Etymologically, theEnglishwordderives fromtheLatindignitas, meaninghonor,
elevation, andworthiness. Thisdignitydoesnot flowfrom‘‘futureshock’’ opportunitiestomodifyandenhancehuman
natureinfundamental ways. Dignitymight best berealizedbyexpandingthemodernideaof lovefromthenarrow
domainof thenearest anddearest toall humanity, andtherebydiscoveringapoliticsof loveinthemodeof Gandhi or
Kingor Farmer. Rather thanfreeourselves of biological constraints inamisplacedeffort totranscendhumanness by
technology, letusre-emphasizealovethatdoesjustice. Butletususeeverytechniqueofsciencetobetterunderstandhow
toraisecaringchildren, howtolovewiselyandeffectively, howtoharvesttheneurologicalconnectionbetweengivingand
delight.
Asforthechangesposthumanistsseek, newevilsmaybemoreperilousthanoldones. Touseananalogy, wearelikethe
sailorwhoclimbsashighonthemastasonecaninordertorisehighabovethewatersofnature, butonlytoseetheboat
capsizeunderourweighttippingthemastintothewavesbelow[25]. Howcanwepresumethatthebravenewworldwillbe
abetterworld?Itwillonlybebetterifitisworldofloveandjustice, andthesearethingsthatliewithinourheartsandminds
ascurrentlyconstituted. Asforthetwoculturesofscienceandhumanities, humanismmustguidescience, andrestrainit, whilemaintainingour
focusontheultimatesourceofhumandignityandenhancement:thelovethatlieswithinusandthatperhapsevenshapes
theuniverse[26].
Intheartofcompassion, muchofthetribalismthatwidensthegulfbetweenSnow’s‘‘twocultures’’ canbeameliorated.
Humanbeingsarepsychologicallyorientedtogroupidentity,andeasilyfallintoattitudesof‘‘them’’versus‘‘us.’’Thiselement
ofevolutionarypsychologycanbeovercome,Ibelieve,when‘‘we’’uniteinacommonefforttosolvethemostsignificantrisks
tothehumanfuture. Oneriskissurelytheunwiseuseofsciencetomodifythecontoursofnatureandofhumannature. In
confrontingsuchperils, wecanperhapsgrowinagreaterappreciationandloveforthosewhoapproachtheseperilsfrom
aperspectivedifferentthanourown.
Acknowledgement
Support wasgivenbytheCenterfor theStudyof LawandReligionat EmoryUniversityandbytheJohnTempleton
Foundation.
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theuniverse[26].
Intheartofcompassion, muchofthetribalismthatwidensthegulfbetweenSnow’s‘‘twocultures’’ canbeameliorated.
Humanbeingsarepsychologicallyorientedtogroupidentity,andeasilyfallintoattitudesof‘‘them’’versus‘‘us.’’Thiselement
ofevolutionarypsychologycanbeovercome,Ibelieve,when‘‘we’’uniteinacommonefforttosolvethemostsignificantrisks
tothehumanfuture. Oneriskissurelytheunwiseuseofsciencetomodifythecontoursofnatureandofhumannature. In
confrontingsuchperils, wecanperhapsgrowinagreaterappreciationandloveforthosewhoapproachtheseperilsfrom
aperspectivedifferentthanourown.
Acknowledgement
Support wasgivenbytheCenterfor theStudyof LawandReligionat EmoryUniversityandbytheJohnTempleton
Foundation.
References
[1] FrostR. MendingWall. In: UntermeyerL, editor. ModernAmericanpoetry. [1919]. NewYork: Bartleby.com. Availablefrom:
[2] Kurzweil R. Theageof spiritual machines:whencomputersexceedhumanintelligence. NewYork:Viking;1999.
[3] HaylesNK. Howwebecomeposthuman:virtual bodiesincybernetics, literatureandinformatics. Chicago:Universityof ChicagoPress;1999.
[4] HabermasJ. Thefutureof humannature. Cambridge:PolityPress;2003.
[5] Kristol W, CohenE, editors. Thefutureisnow:Americaconfrontsthenewgenetics. NewYork:Rowman&Littlefield;2002.
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[9] SilverL. RemakingEden:cloningandbeyondinabravenewworld. NewYork:Avon;1997.
[10] Kurzweil R. Theageof spiritual machines:whencomputersexceedhumanintelligence. NewYork:Penguin;1999.
[11] deDuveC. Lifeevolving:molecules, mind, andmeaning. Oxford:OxfordUniversityPress;2002.
[12] HookCC. Transhumanismandposthumanism. In:PostSG, editor. Theencyclopediaofbioethics. 3rded., 5vols..NewYork:MacmillanReference;2004.
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StephenG. PostisProfessorofPreventiveMedicineandDirectoroftheCenterforMedicalHumanities, CompassionateCare, andBioethicsatStonyBrook
University. Hewaspreviously(1988–2008)ProfessorofPhilosophy, ReligiousStudies, andFamilyMedicineintheSchoolofMedicine, CaseWesternReserve
University, andSeniorResearchScholarattheBecketInstituteofSt. Hugh’sCollege, OxfordUniversity. PostisaSeniorFellowintheCenterfortheStudyof
LawandReligionatEmoryUniversity, andaDistinguishedSeniorAdvisorforthePositivePsychologyCenterattheUniversityofPennsylvania. Hisresearch
hasbeensupportedbytheNationalInstitutesofHealthandtheNationalEndowmentfortheHumanities. Hisbook, TheMoralChallengeofAlzheimerDisease:
Ethical IssuesfromDiagnosistoDying[28]waswidelyinfluential. Hehascontributednumerousstudiespertainingtodementiaontopicssuchasgenetic
testing, anti-agingtechnologies, andhospicecare.In1994, PostwaselectedaHastingsCenterFellow, andaSeniorScholarintheKennedyInstituteofEthics
at GeorgetownUniversity. Post co-foundedtheBioethicsNetworkof Ohio. Heservedaseditor-in-chief of thedefinitivereferenceworkinthefieldof
bioethics, thethirdeditionofthefive-volumeEncyclopediaofBioethics[12]. Postisaleaderinthestudyofaltruism, compassion, andloveintheintegrative
contextofscientificresearch, healthcaredeliveryandoutcomes, philosophy, andreligiousthought.
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